Footnote 1051

1051 U.S. Const. art. 1, § 8, cl. 3 (“Congress shall have power . . . [t]o regulate commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes”); see Twin City Power, 350 U.S. at 224-25.1052 Gilman, 70 U.S. at 724; accord Gibbons, 22 U.S. at 190 (“All America understands, and has uniformly understood, the word ‘commerce,’ to comprehend navigation. It was so understood, and must have been so understood, when the constitution was framed. The power over commerce, including navigation, was one of the primary objects for which the people of America adopted their government, and must have been contemplated in forming it.”); see United States v. Appalachian Elec. Power Co., 311 U.S. 377, 426-27 (1940).